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Minsta antal appends som behövs för att göra en strängpalindrom

Givet a sträng s uppgiften är att hitta minimum karaktärer att vara bifogad (infogning i slutet) att göra en strängpalindrom. 

Exempel:  

Input : s = "klar"
Produktion : 2
Förklaring: Vi kan göra strängpalindrom som 'abede' inte ' genom att lägga till inte i slutet av strängen.

Input :s = 'aabb'
Produktion : 2
Förklaring: Vi kan göra string palindrome as'aabb aa ' genom att lägga till aa i slutet av strängen.



Innehållsförteckning

Kontrollera palindrom varje gång - O(n^2) Tid och O(n) Mellanrum

Lösningen innebär progressivt ta bort tecken från början av strängen en efter en tills strängen blir en palindrom . Svaret kommer att vara totalt antal tecken borttagna.

Tänk till exempel på strängen s = 'här'. Vi kontrollerar först om hela strängen är ett palindrom vilket det inte är. Därefter tar vi bort det första tecknet vilket resulterar i sträng 'tigga'. Vi kollar igen men det är fortfarande inte ett palindrom. Vi tar sedan bort en annan karaktär från början lämnar 'ede'. Den här gången är strängen ett palindrom. Därför utgången är 2 representerar antalet tecken som tagits bort från början för att uppnå en palindrom.

C++
// C++ code to find minimum number  // of appends to make string Palindrome #include    using namespace std; // Function to check if a given string is a palindrome bool isPalindrome(string s) {  int left = 0 right = s.length() - 1;  while (left < right) {  if (s[left] != s[right]) return false;  left++;  right--;  }  return true; } // Function to find the minimum number of  // characters to remove from the beginning int noOfAppends(string& s) {  int n = s.length();    // Remove characters from the start until   // the string becomes a palindrome  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  if (isPalindrome(s.substr(i))) {    // Return the number of characters removed  return i;   }  }    // If no palindrome is found remove  // all but one character  return n - 1;  } int main() {  string s = 'abede';  int result = noOfAppends(s);  cout << result << endl;  return 0; } 
Java
// Java code to find minimum number  // of appends to make string Palindrome import java.util.*; class GfG {    // Function to check if a given string is a palindrome  static boolean isPalindrome(String s) {  int left = 0 right = s.length() - 1;  while (left < right) {  if (s.charAt(left) != s.charAt(right)) return false;  left++;  right--;  }  return true;  }    // Function to find the minimum number of   // characters to remove from the beginning  static int noOfAppends(String s) {  int n = s.length();    // Remove characters from the start until   // the string becomes a palindrome  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  if (isPalindrome(s.substring(i))) {    // Return the number of characters removed  return i;  }  }    // If no palindrome is found remove  // all but one character  return n - 1;  }  public static void main(String[] args) {  String s = 'abede';  int result = noOfAppends(s);  System.out.println(result);  } } 
Python
# Python code to find minimum number  # of appends to make string Palindrome # Function to check if a given string is a palindrome def is_palindrome(s): left right = 0 len(s) - 1 while left < right: if s[left] != s[right]: return False left += 1 right -= 1 return True # Function to find the minimum number of  # characters to remove from the beginning def no_of_appends(s): n = len(s) # Remove characters from the start until  # the string becomes a palindrome for i in range(n): if is_palindrome(s[i:]): # Return the number of characters # removed return i # If no palindrome is found remove # all but one character return n - 1 if __name__ == '__main__': s = 'abede' result = no_of_appends(s) print(result) 
C#
// C# code to find minimum number  // of appends to make string Palindrome using System; class GfG {    // Function to check if a given string   // is a palindrome  static bool IsPalindrome(string s) {  int left = 0 right = s.Length - 1;  while (left < right) {  if (s[left] != s[right]) return false;  left++;  right--;  }  return true;  }  // Function to find the minimum number of   // characters to remove from the beginning  static int NoOfAppends(string s) {  int n = s.Length;    // Remove characters from the start until   // the string becomes a palindrome  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  if (IsPalindrome(s.Substring(i))) {    // Return the number of characters  // removed  return i;  }  }    // If no palindrome is found remove all but   // one character  return n - 1;  }  static void Main(string[] args) {  string s = 'abede';  int result = NoOfAppends(s);  Console.WriteLine(result);  } } 
JavaScript
// JavaScript code to find minimum number  // of appends to make string Palindrome // Function to check if a given string is a palindrome function isPalindrome(s) {  let left = 0 right = s.length - 1;  while (left < right) {  if (s[left] !== s[right]) return false;  left++;  right--;  }  return true; } // Function to find the minimum number of  // characters to remove from the beginning function noOfAppends(s) {  let n = s.length;    // Remove characters from the start until   // the string becomes a palindrome  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {  if (isPalindrome(s.substring(i))) {    // Return the number of  // characters removed  return i;  }  }    // If no palindrome is found remove  // all but one character  return n - 1; } const s = 'abede'; const result = noOfAppends(s); console.log(result); 

Produktion
2 

Använder Knuth Morris Pratt Algorithm - O(n) Tid och O(n) Space

Grundtanken bakom upplägget är att vi kalkylera de största delsträngen från slutet och längden på strängen minus detta värde är minimum antal tillägg. Logiken är intuitiv vi behöver inte lägga till palindrom och endast de som inte bildar palindromen. För att hitta denna största palindrom från slutet vi motsatt strängen beräkna DFA.

De DFA (Deterministic Finite Automaton) nämns i samband med Knuth Morris Pratt Algoritm är ett koncept som används för att hitta längsta prefixet för en sträng som också är ett suffix och vända strängen igen (och därmed få tillbaka den ursprungliga strängen) och hitta det slutliga tillståndet som representerar antalet matchningar av strängen med den vördade strängen och därför får vi den största delsträngen som är en palindrom från slutet.

C++
// CPP program for the given approach  // using 2D vector for DFA #include    using namespace std; // Function to build the DFA and precompute the state vector<vector<int>> buildDFA(string& s) {  int n = s.length();    // Number of possible characters (ASCII range)  int c = 256;     // Initialize 2D vector with zeros  vector<vector<int>> dfa(n vector<int>(c 0));   int x = 0;  dfa[0][s[0]] = 1;  // Build the DFA for the given string  for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {  for (int j = 0; j < c; j++) {  dfa[i][j] = dfa[x][j];  }  dfa[i][s[i]] = i + 1;  x = dfa[x][s[i]];  }  return dfa; } // Function to find the longest overlap // between the string and its reverse int longestOverlap(vector<vector<int>>& dfa string& query) {  int ql = query.length();  int state = 0;  // Traverse through the query to   // find the longest overlap  for (int i = 0; i < ql; i++) {  state = dfa[state][query[i]];  }  return state; } // Function to find the minimum // number of characters to append int minAppends(string s) {    // Reverse the string  string reversedS = s;  reverse(reversedS.begin() reversedS.end());  // Build the DFA for the reversed string  vector<vector<int>> dfa = buildDFA(reversedS);  // Get the longest overlap with the original string  int longestOverlapLength = longestOverlap(dfa s);  // Minimum characters to append   // to make the string a palindrome  return s.length() - longestOverlapLength; } int main() {  string s = 'abede';  cout << minAppends(s) << endl;  return 0; } 
Java
// Java program for the given approach // using 2D array for DFA import java.util.*; class GfG {  // Function to build the DFA and precompute the state  static int[][] buildDFA(String s) {  int n = s.length();  // Number of possible characters (ASCII range)  int c = 256;  // Initialize 2D array with zeros  int[][] dfa = new int[n][c];  int x = 0;  dfa[0][s.charAt(0)] = 1;  // Build the DFA for the given string  for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {  for (int j = 0; j < c; j++) {  dfa[i][j] = dfa[x][j];  }  dfa[i][s.charAt(i)] = i + 1;  x = dfa[x][s.charAt(i)];  }  return dfa;  }  // Function to find the longest overlap  // between the string and its reverse  static int longestOverlap(int[][] dfa String query) {  int ql = query.length();  int state = 0;  // Traverse through the query to   // find the longest overlap  for (int i = 0; i < ql; i++) {  state = dfa[state][query.charAt(i)];  }  return state;  }  // Function to find the minimum  // number of characters to append  static int minAppends(String s) {    // Reverse the string  String reversedS = new StringBuilder(s).reverse().toString();  // Build the DFA for the reversed string  int[][] dfa = buildDFA(reversedS);  // Get the longest overlap with the original string  int longestOverlapLength = longestOverlap(dfa s);  // Minimum characters to append   // to make the string a palindrome  return s.length() - longestOverlapLength;  }  public static void main(String[] args) {  String s = 'abede';  System.out.println(minAppends(s));  } } 
Python
# Python program for the given approach  # using 2D list for DFA # Function to build the DFA and precompute the state def buildDFA(s): n = len(s) # Number of possible characters (ASCII range) c = 256 # Initialize 2D list with zeros dfa = [[0] * c for _ in range(n)] x = 0 dfa[0][ord(s[0])] = 1 # Build the DFA for the given string for i in range(1 n): for j in range(c): dfa[i][j] = dfa[x][j] dfa[i][ord(s[i])] = i + 1 x = dfa[x][ord(s[i])] return dfa # Function to find the longest overlap # between the string and its reverse def longestOverlap(dfa query): ql = len(query) state = 0 # Traverse through the query to  # find the longest overlap for i in range(ql): state = dfa[state][ord(query[i])] return state # Function to find the minimum # number of characters to append def minAppends(s): # Reverse the string reversedS = s[::-1] # Build the DFA for the reversed string dfa = buildDFA(reversedS) # Get the longest overlap with the # original string longestOverlapLength = longestOverlap(dfa s) # Minimum characters to append  # to make the string a palindrome return len(s) - longestOverlapLength if __name__ == '__main__': s = 'abede' print(minAppends(s)) 
C#
// C# program for the given approach // using 2D array for DFA using System; class GfG {  // Function to build the DFA and precompute the state  static int[] buildDFA(string s) {  int n = s.Length;  // Number of possible characters   // (ASCII range)  int c = 256;  // Initialize 2D array with zeros  int[] dfa = new int[n c];  int x = 0;  dfa[0 s[0]] = 1;  // Build the DFA for the given string  for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {  for (int j = 0; j < c; j++) {  dfa[i j] = dfa[x j];  }  dfa[i s[i]] = i + 1;  x = dfa[x s[i]];  }  return dfa;  }  // Function to find the longest overlap  // between the string and its reverse  static int longestOverlap(int[] dfa string query) {  int ql = query.Length;  int state = 0;  // Traverse through the query to   // find the longest overlap  for (int i = 0; i < ql; i++) {  state = dfa[state query[i]];  }  return state;  }  // Function to find the minimum  // number of characters to append  static int minAppends(string s) {    // Reverse the string using char array  char[] reversedArray = s.ToCharArray();  Array.Reverse(reversedArray);  string reversedS = new string(reversedArray);  // Build the DFA for the reversed string  int[] dfa = buildDFA(reversedS);  // Get the longest overlap with the original string  int longestOverlapLength = longestOverlap(dfa s);  // Minimum characters to append   // to make the string a palindrome  return s.Length - longestOverlapLength;  }  static void Main() {  string s = 'abede';  Console.WriteLine(minAppends(s));  } } 
JavaScript
// JavaScript program for the given approach // using 2D array for DFA // Function to build the DFA and precompute the state function buildDFA(s) {  let n = s.length;  // Number of possible characters  // (ASCII range)  let c = 256;  // Initialize 2D array with zeros  let dfa = Array.from({ length: n } () => Array(c).fill(0));  let x = 0;  dfa[0][s.charCodeAt(0)] = 1;  // Build the DFA for the given string  for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {  for (let j = 0; j < c; j++) {  dfa[i][j] = dfa[x][j];  }  dfa[i][s.charCodeAt(i)] = i + 1;  x = dfa[x][s.charCodeAt(i)];  }  return dfa; } // Function to find the longest overlap // between the string and its reverse function longestOverlap(dfa query) {  let ql = query.length;  let state = 0;  // Traverse through the query to   // find the longest overlap  for (let i = 0; i < ql; i++) {  state = dfa[state][query.charCodeAt(i)];  }  return state; } // Function to find the minimum // number of characters to append function minAppends(s) {  // Reverse the string  let reversedS = s.split('').reverse().join('');  // Build the DFA for the reversed string  let dfa = buildDFA(reversedS);  // Get the longest overlap with the original string  let longestOverlapLength = longestOverlap(dfa s);  // Minimum characters to append   // to make the string a palindrome  return s.length - longestOverlapLength; } let s = 'abede'; console.log(minAppends(s)); 

Produktion
2 

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